BtMData — Energía y compliance para centros de datos

    AI Training: anatomía de los modelos frontier

    Cuánto cuesta, cuánta potencia consume y cuántos GPUs hacen falta para entrenar los modelos que mueven la economía AI. Datos compilados de fuentes públicas. Trasladamos cada perfil a un plan desplegable sobre infraestructura soberana europea.

    Hablar con infraestructura

    Modelos analizados

    OpenAI · 2025

    GPT-5

    The frontier reasoning model. Training a peer requires a hyperscale AI factory.

    ~3–5T · $1.5B – $3BVer perfil

    OpenAI · 2023

    GPT-4

    The model that defined the GenAI era. A blueprint for what a national AI Factory must deliver.

    ~1.76T · $60M – $100MVer perfil

    Google DeepMind · 2024

    Gemini Ultra

    Multimodal frontier from Google. Native vision + audio + code training.

    ~1.5T · $190M – $300MVer perfil

    Anthropic · 2025

    Claude 4 (Opus)

    Constitutional AI at frontier scale. Optimized for reasoning + safety.

    ~2T+ · $500M – $1BVer perfil

    Meta AI · 2025

    Llama 4

    Open-weights frontier. The reference stack for sovereign AI factories.

    ~400B · $1B – $2.5BVer perfil

    DeepSeek · 2024

    DeepSeek V3

    The efficiency benchmark. Proves frontier-class quality is achievable on 1/30 of GPT-4's budget.

    671B · $5.6MVer perfil

    Stability AI · 2025

    Stable Diffusion 4

    Open image-generation frontier. Multimodal training on hyperscale image corpora.

    ~8–12B · $5M – $15MVer perfil

    OpenAI · 2024

    Sora

    Text-to-video at frontier quality. The most data-intensive training task in production.

    Estimated · $50M – $200MVer perfil

    xAI · 2025

    Grok 3

    The fastest cluster build in history. Memphis Colossus went from empty to 100k H100 in 122 days.

    ~2.7T · $3B+Ver perfil

    Mistral AI · 2024

    Mistral Large

    Europe's sovereign frontier model. Trained on EU infrastructure.

    ~123B · $30M – $80MVer perfil

    TII (UAE) · 2023

    Falcon 180B

    The first sovereign open frontier model. Funded by a national AI strategy.

    180B · $30M – $50MVer perfil

    Cifras basadas en estimaciones públicas (Epoch AI, SemiAnalysis, MLPerf, notas de prensa). No avaladas por los vendors. Solo orden de magnitud.