DeepSeek · 2024
The efficiency benchmark. Proves frontier-class quality is achievable on 1/30 of GPT-4's budget.
671B (MoE, 37B activated)
14.8T tokens
~3.5e24 FLOPs
2,048 NVIDIA H800 (export-restricted variant)
2.788M GPU-hours (officially disclosed)
$5.6M (training run only — excluding R&D, prior runs, salaries)
~3–4 MW (training cluster)
Sources: DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report (Dec 2024) — one of the few publicly disclosed training cost figures.
Training a model in the same league as DeepSeek V3 requires a dedicated AI factory: thousands of accelerators, megawatts of firmed power, low-PUE cooling, sovereign data residency and a multi-year financing structure. Below is how we translate the public profile above into a deployable plan.
We size GPU/TPU equivalents to your target FLOPs, accounting for MFU (Model FLOPs Utilization), checkpointing overhead and fault tolerance.
From the ~3–4 MW (training cluster) reference, we derive substation requirements, PUE targets and cooling architecture (DLC, immersion, hybrid).
Full 20-year financial model: hardware, real estate, energy contracts, staffing, refresh cycles. Stress-tested against energy price scenarios.
EU residency, NIS2 / GDPR alignment, optional air-gapped operation. No US CLOUD Act exposure.
Talk to our infrastructure team. We size GPU clusters, power, cooling and financing for frontier-scale training and inference workloads — on sovereign EU infrastructure.
Public estimates for DeepSeek V3 indicate the cluster scale, capex and energy footprint required to train a peer model. We translate that into a deployable plan on EU-sovereign infrastructure.
OpenAI · 2025
GPT-5
The frontier reasoning model. Training a peer requires a hyperscale AI factory.
OpenAI · 2023
GPT-4
The model that defined the GenAI era. A blueprint for what a national AI Factory must deliver.
Google DeepMind · 2024
Gemini Ultra
Multimodal frontier from Google. Native vision + audio + code training.
Anthropic · 2025
Claude 4 (Opus)
Constitutional AI at frontier scale. Optimized for reasoning + safety.
Meta AI · 2025
Llama 4
Open-weights frontier. The reference stack for sovereign AI factories.
Stability AI · 2025
Stable Diffusion 4
Open image-generation frontier. Multimodal training on hyperscale image corpora.
We have done this for hyperscale and sovereign customers in Iberia. 24h response.
Plan a peer modelAll figures on this page are public estimates compiled from third-party research (Epoch AI, SemiAnalysis, MLPerf, vendor press releases) and academic literature. We do not represent the model vendors, and vendors do not endorse these numbers. Use as order-of-magnitude reference only.